Energy Efficiency

The latest articles related to Energy Efficiency

Combustion chamber – Internal combustion engine

The hot gases produced by the combustion occupy a far greater volume than the original fuel, thus creating an increase in pressure within the limited volume of the chamber. This pressure can be used to do work, for example, to move a piston on a crankshaft or a turbine disc in a gas turbine. The [...]

Methanol fuel – Uses

Internal combustion engine fuel Both methanol and ethanol burn at lower temperatures than gasoline, and both are less volatile, making engine starting in cold weather more difficult. Using methanol as a fuel in spark ignition engines can offer an increased thermal efficiency and increased power output (as compared to gasoline) due to its high octane [...]

Intensive farming – Modern intensive farming types

Modern intensive farming refers to the industrialized production of animals (livestock, poultry and fish) and crops. The methods deployed are designed to produce the highest output at the lowest cost; usually using economies of scale, modern machinery, modern medicine, and global trade for financing, purchases and sales. The practice is widespread in developed nations, and [...]

Fridtjof Nansen – Death and legacy

Nansen died of a heart attack, at home, on 13 May 1930. He was given a state funeral before cremation, after which his ashes were laid under a tree at Polhøgda. Nansen’s daughter Liv recorded that there were no speeches, just music: Schubert’s ”Death and the Maiden”, which Eva used to sing. Among the many [...]

Thallium – Applications

Historic uses The odorless and tasteless thallium sulfate was once widely used as rat poison and ant killer. Since 1972 this use prohibited in the United States due to safety concerns. Many other countries followed this example in the following years. Thallium salts were used in the treatment of ringworm, other skin infections and to [...]

District heating – Heat distribution

Adapted from the Wikipedia article District heating, under the G. N. U. Free Documentation License. Please also see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

Fonterra – Environmental performance

Initiatives Fonterra has a number of initiatives relating to environmental protection. Its environmental policy states that “Fonterra shall demonstrate a global commitment to protecting the environment. Sustainability, good environmental practice and environmental improvement are cornerstones of Fonterra’s environmental commitment.” In 2003 Fonterra was a signatory to the Dairying and Clean Streams Accord, which sets a [...]

Energy harvesting – Devices

There are many small-scale energy sources that generally cannot be scaled up to industrial size: * Piezoelectric crystals or fibers generate a small voltage whenever they are mechanically deformed. Vibration from engines can stimulate piezoelectric materials, as can the heel of a shoe. * Some wristwatches are already powered by kinetic energy (called kinetic watches), [...]

Dye-sensitized solar cell – Dye-sensitized solar cells

Grätzel’s cell is composed of a porous layer of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, covered with a molecular dye that absorbs sunlight, like the chlorophyll in green leaves. The titanium dioxide is immersed under an electrolyte solution, above which is a platinum-based catalyst. As in a conventional alkaline battery, an anode (the titanium dioxide) and a cathode [...]

Photodissociation – Photolysis in photosynthesis

Photolysis is part of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The general reaction of photosynthetic photolysis can be given as: H2A + 2 photons (light) longrightarrow 2e- + 2H+ + A The chemical nature of “A” depends on the type of organism. In purple sulfur bacteria, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is oxidized to sulfur (S). In oxygenic [...]

Ecotourism – Introduction

Ecotourism (also known as ecological tourism) is responsible travel to fragile, pristine, and usually protected areas that strives to be low impact and (often) small scale. It purports to educate the traveller; provide funds for ecological conservation; directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities; and foster respect for different cultures and [...]

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